Nikkudot (also spelled Niqqud or Nekudot) are the diacritical marks used in Hebrew to indicate vowels and other pronunciation features. The Hebrew alphabet consists only of consonants, so nikkudot were developed to help readers pronounce words correctly. These marks appear as dots and dashes positioned above, below, or inside the Hebrew letters.
While modern Hebrew texts (newspapers, novels, street signs) typically omit nikkudot, they are essential for religious texts, poetry, children's books, and language learning materials. There are several systems of nikkudot, with the Tiberian system being the most widely used today. Understanding nikkudot is crucial for proper Hebrew pronunciation and for distinguishing between words that are spelled identically but pronounced differently.
Learn more about Nikkudot:
• Wikipedia: Niqqud
• Torah Tots: Nekudot Guide
• Chabad: The Nekudos (Vowels)
• Kotzk Blog: Origins of Hebrew Vowel Points